Easy Guide to Identify and Fix Refrigerator Compressor Issues

Is your refrigerator not cooling properly lately? Have you noticed odd sounds or inconsistent temperatures? If so, the issue may lie with your fridge's compressor. Compressors use Freon refrigerant to cool the sealed system. When they malfunction, cooling performance suffers.

Luckily, many common compressor problems can be resolved with simple troubleshooting and repairs. Read on to learn straightforward steps for identifying and fixing refrigerator compressor problems. With some basic mechanical skills and the right parts, you can often restore cooling and avoid pricey professional repairs or replacements.

Step 1: Reset the Refrigerator

Before beginning compressor troubleshooting, try performing a basic reset first. This may resolve minor software glitches or temporary electrical issues that cause erratic cooling:

• Unplug the refrigerator power cord and leave it disconnected overnight.
• Make sure temperature controls are still turned on. Adjust to the coldest setting.
• After 24 hours, plug the refrigerator back in and monitor appliance performance.

Allow the compressor and evaporator coils sufficient time to chill to ideal temperatures. Verify if cooling reliability improves or odd sounds disappear after the reset before moving on to advanced troubleshooting steps. If issues persist, continue to the next section.

Step 2: Diagnose the Issue

When refrigerator problems continue post-reset, methodically diagnose the compressor. Consider when issues began, check for common failure clues, and use tools to identify faults:

Notice Noises and Sound Changes

Take note of any odd noises from the compressor or other refrigerator areas. Buzzing, clicking, grinding, gurgling, squeaking, or knocking sounds often accompany compressor damage or decreased cooling efficiency:

• A buzzing compressor may have damaged motor windings or bad bearings.
• Clicking could indicate an improperly attached refrigerator component like a fan blade striking the housing.
• Knocking compressors can signal failed mounting grommets or brackets.

Check for Inconsistent Cooling

Besides noise, inadequate or irregular refrigerator temperature regulation also points to compressor troubles:

• Document fridge and freezer temperatures changes over several hours with a thermometer.
• Make notes if the compressor turns on and off frequently yet fails to maintain set temperatures.
• Fluctuations wider than 10degF indicate potential sealed system leaks or component malfunctions.

Review Error Codes and Indicator Lights

Consult your refrigerator model's user manual for guidance interpreting any blinking LEDs on control panels or displayed error codes:

• Error codes starting with "P" often relate to the sealed system or compressor.
• "PS" codes specifically denote issues within the power supply to the compressor.
• "SS" indicate faults detected with the compressor or related refrigeration system sensors and connectors.

Use a Multimeter to Test Parts

Use a digital multimeter to check electrical continuity through key compressor components. Set the device to Ohms measurement mode and compare your readings to manufacturer specifications:

• No continuity means open windings or failed wiring connections.
• Low continuity points to shorted or grounded windings.
• Normal readings verify parts are intact and connected.

Step 3: Troubleshoot Failed Parts

If diagnosis confirms the compressor is problematic, troubleshoot these common failures for refrigeration equipment:

Low Refrigerant Levels and Leaks

With the fridge unplugged, connect AC manifold gauges to service valves to measure refrigerant pressure. Recharge the sealed system if levels are significantly low. Then conduct a leak test by spreading soap solution along all tubing joints. Bubbles pinpoint leak locations to repair.

Overload Protector

This electrical device safeguards the compressor motor from power spikes and overheating damage. Use a multimeter to check if it remains closed or has tripped open. Replace failed overload protectors allowing the compressor to restart.

Start Capacitor

Start capacitors help initially energize compressor motors. Failed units unable to provide sufficient starting torque cause flickering lights and prevent systems from cooling. Replace bulged, cracked, or broken capacitors with exact microfarad substitutes.

Start Relay

Like capacitors, mechanical start relays also facilitate motor startup. Loose wiring connections, defective coils, and contact point pitting can lead to no-start conditions. Replace burned out or sticking relays so compressors initiate properly.

Condenser Fan

Malfunctioning condenser fan motors disrupt vital heat transfer from refrigerant to external cooling air. This ultimately overwhelms the compressor. Replace locked rotor motors or fans with seized bearings to maintain efficient heat dissipation.

Defrost System

Faulty defrost heaters and termination switches allow frost accumulation on evaporator coils. This restriction inhibits cold air circulation. Evaluate elements with an ohmmeter and replace non-operational defrost components.

Step 4: Replace or Repair Damaged Components

Once you pinpoint the root cause of compressor problems, decide whether to replace individual parts or the entire sealed system. Also recharge refrigerant levels after repairs.

Obtain Replacement Parts

Consult appliance diagrams to identify original compressor manufacturer and model numbers. Then search reputable online HVAC suppliers to order matched components guaranteed to fit properly.

Discharge Refrigerant Safely

With an approved recovery machine, carefully extract any remaining refrigerant from the old compressor before detaching damaged parts. Capture this potent greenhouse gas instead of venting it illegally.

Remove and Replace Failed Equipment

Following manufacturer instructions, disconnect bad compressors, capacitors, valves, tubing segments from the appliance. Then reverse steps to install and mount new replacement components. Ensure airtight seals.

Recharge Sealed System

Once all maintenance is complete, connect AC manifold gauges and pull system vacuum for minimum 30 minutes to eliminate moisture. Next, add refrigerant until pressures reach specification levels.

Step 5: Prevent Future Compressor Failure

Besides properly replacing or repairing refrigerator compressor components, implement this preventative maintenance:

• Regularly clean condenser coils and clear airflow obstructions like dust and pet hair clogging the radiator.
• Check door seals and gaskets. Replace worn parts allowing cold air leakage.
• Maintain ideal 35-38degF refrigerator and 0degF freezer temperatures to avoid overworking the compressor.

Taking these basic troubleshooting and preventative steps will restore and extend refrigerator compressor lifespan. However, if diagnosis reveals an irreparable compressor or a ruptured sealed system, professional replacement may become necessary.

Don't panic over simple refrigerator compressor issues. In many cases, basic part replacements or repairs can be performed DIY once properly diagnosed. When compressor failure causes costly food spoilage or complex repairs overwhelm your capabilities, do seek qualified technician assistance.

By following this structured guide to identify compressor faults, replace components, and refine usage habits, you can readily resolve common cooling performance problems. Take action at the first sign of issues before they cascade into catastrophic sealed system damage. With routine care, your refrigerator compressor should operate reliably for over a decade before requiring major service.